Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following is not an organic molecule? c. water
2. Which of the following terms includes all the other terms on this list? b. carbohydrate
3. Which term is most appropriate to describe a molecule that dissolves easily in water? c. hydrophilic
4. Cholesterol is an example of what kind of molecule?. b.Lipid
5. The 20 amino acids vary only in their b. side groups
6. A specific reactant an enzyme acts upon is called the d. substrate.
7. An enzyme does which of the following? b. lowers the activation energy of a reaction
Short Answer
8. Besides satisfying your hunger, why else might you consume a big bowl of pasta the night before a race?
Besides satisfying hunger, I would also eat a bowl of pasta the night before the rece because I want to have energy in my body for the next day, and the carbohydrates I take in are a good source of energy.
9. How are glucose, sucrose, and starch related?
Glucose, sucrose and starch are related because they are all sugars and carbohydrates.
10. What are steroids? Describe two functions they have in cells.
Steriods are lipid molecules in which the carbon skeleton forms 4 fused rings. The 2 functions they have in cells are that they serve as a chemical signal that circulated the body and form membranes that surround a cell.
11. How are polypeptides related to proteins?
Polypeptides are related to proteins because protein is formed when amino acids are linked together into the chain called polypeptides.
12. How does denaturation affect the ability of a protein to function?
Denaturation affect the ability of a protein to function because a protein can unravel and lose it's normal shape due to unfavorable enviornment changes.
Applying ConceptsAnalyzing Information
14. Analyzing Diagrams
The reaction below shows two amino acids joining together.
a. One product of this reaction is represented by a question mark. Which molecule is it?
The molecule represented by a question mark is a water molecule.
b. What is this kind of reaction called? Explain.
This kind of reaction is called a dehydration reaction because water(H20) is removed for the chemical bond to form.
c. If an amino acid were added to this chain, at what two places could it attach?
If an amino acid was added to this chain, it could be attached to the OH part at the left and the H part at the right.
15. Analyzing Graphs Use the graph to answer the questions below.
a. At which temperature does enzyme A perform best? Enzyme B?
Enzyme A performs the best at 38 degrees, while enzyme B performs best at 78 degrees.
b. Knowing that one of these enzymes is found in humans and the other in thermophilic (heat-loving) bacteria, hypothesize which enzyme came from which organism.
Enzyme A is found in thermophilic bacterias and Enzyme B is found in humans.
c. Propose a hypothesis that explains why the rate of the reaction catalyzed by enzyme A slows down at temperatures above 40°C.
The rate of reaction catalyzed by enzyme A slows down at temperatures above 40 degrees because it's reaction has finished.
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