Enzymes
Chemical reaction starts by weakening bonds by absorbing energy as the activation energy
Activation Energy is the energy that activates reactants and triggers a chemical reaction.
Chemical reactions may occur faster by heating the molecules, so they can collide with more energy to weaken the bonds. But it can also cause unnecessary reactions to happen.
That’s why cellular reaction depends on catalysts (compounds that speed up chemical reactions). The main kind is a specialized protein in organisms called enzymes.
Enzymes make it possible for reactions to occur at a normal temperature, because it lowers the activation energy required.
Different enzymes catalyze a specific kind of chemical reaction because the shape of each enzyme fits the shape of only particular reactant molecules.
Substrate is the specific reactant acted upon by an enzyme.
Active site is the place where the substrate fits into on an enzyme; it changes slightly after the substrate enters. So the bonds can be weakened by the grip, thus making them easier to break and react.
Key characteristic of Enzymes: Recycling ability.
Enzymes can also lower the activation energy by putting the 2 reactants side by side, forming a big molecule from small molecules.
Function of enzymes depends on its structure and shape, that’s why it can only function in certain conditions.
Concept Check 5.5
1. Explain the role of activation energy in a reaction. How does an enzyme affect activation energy?
Activation energy is the energy that activates the reactants and triggers a chemical reaction.
Enzymes lower the activation needed to a normal temperature.
2. Describe how a substrate interacts with an enzyme
Substrates interacts with an enzyme by locating itself in to an enzyme’s activation site, after it enters the site, the shape of the activation site may change slightly and make the substrates change.
Chemical reaction starts by weakening bonds by absorbing energy as the activation energy
Activation Energy is the energy that activates reactants and triggers a chemical reaction.
Chemical reactions may occur faster by heating the molecules, so they can collide with more energy to weaken the bonds. But it can also cause unnecessary reactions to happen.
That’s why cellular reaction depends on catalysts (compounds that speed up chemical reactions). The main kind is a specialized protein in organisms called enzymes.
Enzymes make it possible for reactions to occur at a normal temperature, because it lowers the activation energy required.
Different enzymes catalyze a specific kind of chemical reaction because the shape of each enzyme fits the shape of only particular reactant molecules.
Substrate is the specific reactant acted upon by an enzyme.
Active site is the place where the substrate fits into on an enzyme; it changes slightly after the substrate enters. So the bonds can be weakened by the grip, thus making them easier to break and react.
Key characteristic of Enzymes: Recycling ability.
Enzymes can also lower the activation energy by putting the 2 reactants side by side, forming a big molecule from small molecules.
Function of enzymes depends on its structure and shape, that’s why it can only function in certain conditions.
Concept Check 5.5
1. Explain the role of activation energy in a reaction. How does an enzyme affect activation energy?
Activation energy is the energy that activates the reactants and triggers a chemical reaction.
Enzymes lower the activation needed to a normal temperature.
2. Describe how a substrate interacts with an enzyme
Substrates interacts with an enzyme by locating itself in to an enzyme’s activation site, after it enters the site, the shape of the activation site may change slightly and make the substrates change.
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